Table 1 Characteristics of the patients at baseline

Age (yr)

57.72 ± 10.41^#

58.85 ± 10.46

56.88 ± 10.19^a

Female sex (%)

56.6

53.8

60.2

Duration of diabetes (yr)

9.61 ± 7.65

9.74 ± 7.92

9.52 ± 7.39

History of hypertension (%)

43

42

44.4

Weight (kg)

76.00 ± 12.93

74.51 ± 12.73

77.39 ± 12.88^a

Height (cm)

162.42 ± 9.28

162.77 ± 9.30

161.92 ± 9.16^a

BMI (kg/m^2)

28.85 ± 4.66

28.18 ± 4.72

29.54 ± 4.53^a

Waist circumference (cm)

97.83 ± 10.09

96.51 ± 10.17

99.12 ± 9.79^a

Hip circumference (cm)

105.42 ± 8.57

104.40 ± 8.49

106.43 ± 8.61^a

WHR

0.94 ± 0.06

0.93 ± 0.06

0.94 ± 0.06^a

Blood pressure (mm Hg)

Systolic

130.46 ± 17.76

129.75 ± 17.64

131.18 ± 17.82^a

Diastolic

78.87 ± 9.33

78.07 ± 9.23

79.63 ± 9.31^a

On anti-hypertensive medications (%)

42.4

41.6

43.7

HbA1c (%)

Mean

7.83 ± 1.70

7.64 ± 1.60

8.00 ± 1.76^a

Median (range)

7.60 (4.0–15.0)

7.40 (4.0–14,7)

7.80 (4.0–15.0)

FBS (mg/ dL)

165.29 ± 60.58

157.58 ± 58.87

171.63 ± 60.51^a

2hPP (mg/ dL)

228.80 ± 90.34

218.45 ± 86.84

237.12 ± 91.83^a

Cholesterol (mg/ dL)

Total

178.57 ± 44.57

162.84 ± 37.64

191.83 ± 44.09^a

LDL-C

100.64 ± 34.56

93.87 ± 31.08

107.00 ± 36.46^a

Non-HDL

133.7 ± 42.9

116.28 ± 34.66

148.30 ± 41.73^a

HDL-C

Total

44.85 ± 11.00

46.56 ± 11.27

43.53 ± 10.38^a

Women

47.30 ± 11.18

49.44 ± 11.48

45.76 ± 10.48

Men

41.65 ± 9.89

43.20 ± 10.02

40.16 ± 9.27

TG

Mean (mg/ dL)

173.46 ± 99.37

106.89 ± 25.39

219.02 ± 58.38^a

Median (mg/ dL) (range)

147.00 (34.0–398.0)

108.00 (34.0–149.0)

202.50 (150.0–398.0)

TG/HDL ratio

4.22 ± 3.06

2.44 ± 0.88

5.36 ± 2.11^a

VAI

19.71 ± 3.89

19.22 ± 3.85

20.12 ± 3.86^a

AIP

1.2 ± .6

0.82 ± 0.37

1.61 ± 0.36^a

Creatinine (mg/ dL)

0.99 ± 0.22

0.99 ± 0.22

1.00 ± 0.22

Urea (mg/ dL)

31.78 ± 12.24

31.69 ± 12.47

31.87 ± 11.62

GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

83.11 ± 24.61

81.03 ± 24.12

84.70 ± 24.69^a

Medications

 OAD (%)

76.49

76.41

76.63

 Insulin + OAD (%)

8.74

8.80

8.64

 Insulin (%)

14.77

14.79

14.73

Lipid lowering drug

Atorvastatin (%)

72.03

72.30

71.62

Rosuvastatin (%)

27.97

27.70

28.38