Table 4 Study participants’ characteristics across quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores by sex
Characteristics | Men (n = 8399) |  | Women (n = 11404) |  | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (n = 1679) | Q3 (n = 1680) | Q5 (n = 1680) | P-value1 | Q1 (n = 2280) | Q3 (n = 2281) | Q5 (n = 2281) | P-value1 | |
Dietary pattern 1 | ||||||||
 Age (years) | 38.6 ± 0.4 | 41.9 ± 0.4 | 41.3 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | 38.3 ± 0.3 | 42.7 ± 0.3 | 41.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 0.1 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 24.6 ± 0.1 | 0.012 | 22.6 ± 0.1 | 22.6 ± 0.1 | 22.5 ± 0.1 | 0.869 |
Residence | ||||||||
 Urban | 85.4 | 85.9 | 89.0 | 0.005 | 88.8 | 87.1 | 90.3 | 0.006 |
 Rural | 14.6 | 14.1 | 11.0 |  | 11.2 | 12.9 | 9.7 |  |
Household income | ||||||||
 Low | 10.6 | 9.7 | 7.9 | < 0.001 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 8.0 | < 0.001 |
 Medium–low | 25.6 | 23.3 | 19.2 |  | 25.5 | 22.9 | 21.7 |  |
 Medium–high | 31.1 | 34.2 | 31.4 |  | 30.9 | 32.2 | 31.6 |  |
 High | 32.6 | 32.7 | 41.5 |  | 33.1 | 34.3 | 38.8 |  |
Education | ||||||||
 ≤ Elementary school | 5.6 | 6.9 | 4.7 | < 0.001 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 6.1 | 0.001 |
 Middle school | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.9 |  | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.2 |  |
 High school | 44.8 | 40.1 | 34.9 |  | 40.4 | 38.0 | 36.2 |  |
 ≥ College | 44.4 | 47.5 | 54.5 |  | 47.1 | 45.9 | 51.4 |  |
Current smoking | 44.4 | 37.9 | 32.4 | < 0.001 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 0.051 |
Current alcohol consumption | 69.9 | 73.6 | 74.8 | 0.009 | 53.5 | 48.9 | 52.9 | 0.048 |
Physical activity | 21.4 | 22.7 | 24.0 | 0.226 | 10.6 | 9.3 | 11.6 | 0.034 |
Menopausal status | ||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  | 82.9 | 73.1 | 75.2 | < 0.001 |
 Yes |  |  |  |  | 17.1 | 26.9 | 24.8 |  |
Dietary pattern 2 | ||||||||
 Age (years) | 49.9 ± 0.5 | 41.6 ± 0.4 | 34.5 ± 0.3 |  < 0.001 | 50.0 ± 0.4 | 40.7 ± 0.3 | 35.6 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 0.1 | 24.2 ± 0.1 | 24.7 ± 0.1 |  < 0.001 | 23.0 ± 0.1 | 22.6 ± 0.1 | 22.4 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Residence | ||||||||
 Urban | 79.9 | 86.6 | 90.2 | < 0.001 | 83.4 | 89.0 | 90.9 | < 0.001 |
 Rural | 20.1 | 13.4 | 9.8 |  | 16.6 | 11.0 | 9.1 |  |
Household income | ||||||||
 Low | 17.1 | 8.7 | 7.4 | < 0.001 | 17.2 | 7.8 | 7.1 | < 0.001 |
 Medium–low | 25.6 | 21.6 | 20.6 |  | 26.3 | 22.9 | 21.5 |  |
 Medium–high | 28.3 | 34.3 | 31.1 |  | 27.8 | 33.8 | 31.9 |  |
 High | 29.0 | 35.5 | 40.8 |  | 28.8 | 35.5 | 39.5 |  |
Education | ||||||||
 ≤ Elementary school | 16.1 | 4.5 | 1.3 | < 0.001 | 21.5 | 4.9 | 2.2 | < 0.001 |
 Middle school | 11.5 | 6.2 | 2.2 |  | 10.5 | 6.2 | 3.1 |  |
 High school | 35.7 | 39.7 | 42.9 |  | 38.1 | 39.4 | 37.1 |  |
 ≥ College | 36.6 | 49.6 | 53.6 |  | 29.8 | 49.4 | 57.5 |  |
Current smoking | 30.2 | 39.9 | 39.0 | < 0.001 | 3.4 | 5.9 | 7.5 | < 0.001 |
Current alcohol consumption | 63.9 | 75.6 | 76.6 | < 0.001 | 38.3 | 54.2 | 59.9 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity | 21.8 | 21.0 | 25.6 | 0.028 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 12.6 | 0.002 |
Menopausal status | ||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  | 54.0 | 79.0 | 88.2 | < 0.001 |
 Yes |  |  |  |  | 46.0 | 21.0 | 11.8 |  |
Dietary pattern 3 | ||||||||
 Age (years) | 36.6 ± 0.4 | 42.0 ± 0.4 | 44.6 ± 0.4 |  < 0.001 | 38.0 ± 0.3 | 42.0 ± 0.3 | 42.9 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 0.1 | 24.1 ± 0.1 | 24.4 ± 0.1 | 0.501 | 22.4 ± 0.1 | 22.8 ± 0.1 | 22.6 ± 0.1 | 0.238 |
Residence | ||||||||
 Urban | 88.8 | 83.8 | 84.6 | < 0.001 | 89.2 | 87.8 | 87.4 | 0.436 |
 Rural | 11.2 | 16.2 | 15.4 |  | 10.8 | 12.2 | 12.6 |  |
Household income | ||||||||
 Low | 10.5 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 0.099 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 0.296 |
 Medium–low | 24.5 | 24.5 | 21.7 |  | 24.9 | 22.5 | 23.9 |  |
 Medium–high | 31.3 | 31.9 | 31.5 |  | 30.3 | 32.1 | 28.9 |  |
 High | 33.6 | 34.7 | 37.7 |  | 34.4 | 35.5 | 37.5 |  |
Education | ||||||||
 ≤ Elementary school | 4.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | < 0.001 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 0.005 |
 Middle school | 4.0 | 6.7 | 7.3 |  | 5.1 | 7.3 | 7.9 |  |
 High school | 44.4 | 41.5 | 35.5 |  | 38.3 | 39.5 | 37.5 |  |
 ≥ College | 47.3 | 46.2 | 50.6 |  | 49.9 | 45.6 | 47.5 |  |
Current smoking | 35.7 | 39.7 | 38.7 | 0.145 | 6.7 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 0.342 |
Current alcohol consumption | 72.9 | 74.2 | 74.4 | 0.299 | 53.8 | 50.2 | 51.5 | 0.255 |
Physical activity | 25.9 | 23.8 | 22.4 | 0.068 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 0.615 |
Menopausal status | ||||||||
 No |  |  |  |  | 81.1 | 74.8 | 73.2 | < 0.001 |
 Yes |  |  |  |  | 18.9 | 25.2 | 26.8 |  |