Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort by different treatments of diabetes
Characteristic | OAD (n = 576) | Insulin (n = 30) | OAD + Insulin (n = 77) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 53.1 ± 10.4 | 50.3 ± 10.6 | 53.6 ± 11.2 | 0.33 |
Male, n (%) | 340 (59) | 14 (47) | 44 (57) | 0.40 |
Smoking, n (%) | 124 (21.5) | 12 (40.0) | 15 (19.5) | Â |
Ex-smoking, n (%) | 71 (12.3) | 2 (6.7) | 10 (13.0) | *0.18 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 5.2 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | 27.2 ± 4.2 | 0.76 |
Waist (cm) | 91.6 ± 11.4 | 92.6 ± 12.2 | 91.6 ± 10.5 | 0.89 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 131.1 ± 16.7 | 131.2 ± 19.3 | 133.4 ± 14.1 | 0.53 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79.5 ± 11.0 | 80.6 ± 11.7 | 78.3 ± 11.1 | 0.56 |
Diabetes history | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Diabetes onset (years) | 50.7 ± 9.2 | 47.8 ± 9.9 | 48.0 ± 9.4 | 0.02 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 2.3 ± 4.8 | 2.5 ± 5.3 | 5.6 ± 7.2 | < 0.01 |
Diabetes complications | Â | Â | Â | Â |
CKD n (%) | 58 (10.1) | 6 (20) | 16 (20.8) | 0.01 |
Retinopathy, n (%) | 49 (8.5) | 2 (6.7) | 8 (10.4) | 0.80 |
Neuropathy, n (%) | 12 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.9) | 0.42 |
Medications, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ACEi | 14 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.9) | 0.50 |
Diuretic | 37 (6.4) | 3 (10.0) | 6 (7.8) | 0.69 |
CCB | 85 (14.8) | 5 (16.7) | 14 (18.2) | 0.72 |
ARB | 121 (21.0) | 6 (20.0) | 22 (28.6) | 0.31 |
Alpha blocker | 5 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 0.81 |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â | Â |
TC (mg/dL) | 188.0 ± 51.1 | 195.3 ± 60.6 | 187.3 ± 46.6 | 0.73 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 45.0 ± 15.4 | 42.1 ± 16.5 | 44.9 ± 17.8 | 0.61 |
LogTG | 2.17 ± 0.26 | 2.21 ± 0.30 | 2.15 ± 0.26 | 0.53 |
LDL (mg/dl) | 108.2 ± 38.6 | 115.3 ± 46.6 | 108.7 ± 41.7 | 0.63 |
LogALT | 1.44 ± 0.27 | 1.43 ± 0.25 | 1.42 ± 0.26 | 0.64 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 152.3 ± 61.7 | 164.4 ± 92.7 | 169.1 ± 84.9 | 0.09 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 9.6 ± 2.8 | 9.1 ± 2.5 | < 0.01 |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.86 ± 0.29 | 0.89 ± 0.38 | 0.95 ± 0.37 | 0.05 |