Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

Age (year)

57.87 ± 13.32

53.31 ± 12.47

52.97 ± 11.40

52.01 ± 10.91

<0.001^***

Nationality (%)

0.143

Han nationality

99.52

99.07

99.41

99.29

non-Han nationality

0.48

0.93

0.59

0.71

Marital status (%)

<0.001^***

Married

97.35

97.00

97.57

94.80

Not married

2.65

3.00

2.43

5.20

DBP (mmHg)

76.25 ± 11.21

78.25 ± 11.62

79.45 ± 11.90

80.76 ± 11.95

<0.001^***

SBP (mmHg)

130.82 ± 17.96

130.30 ± 18.20

130.64 ± 18.22

132.13 ± 18.27

<0.001^***

BMI (kg/m²), (%)

0.001^**

<24

33.57

32.79

31.36

29.74

≥ 24, <28

50.06

48.56

49.18

51.89

≥ 28

16.37

18.65

19.46

18.37

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.17 ± 0.24

1.24 ± 0.25

1.29 ± 0.27

1.33 ± 0.29

<0.001^***

TG (mmol/L)

1.52 ± 0.84

1.76 ± 1.02

1.99 ± 1.24

2.61 ± 2.21

<0.001^***

LDL-C (mmol/L)

1.93 ± 0.39

2.62 ± 0.32

3.08 ± 0.36

3.74 ± 0.63

<0.001^***

TP (g/L)

70.58 ± 3.99

70.97 ± 3.94

71.56 ± 3.84

72.64 ± 4.27

<0.001^***

TB (µmol/L)

13.00(10.10,16.80)

12.70(9.80,15.90)

12.40(9.80,15.90)

12.20(9.50,15.60)

<0.001^***

Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)

1.04 ± 0.03

1.04 ± 0.03

1.04 ± 0.03

1.04 ± 0.03

0.693

Serum calcium (mmol/L)

2.34 ± 0.02

2.34 ± 0.03

2.34 ± 0.02

2.34 ± 0.03

<0.001^***

Serum potassium (mmol/L)

4.23 ± 0.11

4.23 ± 0.08

4.23 ± 0.09

4.23 ± 0.09

0.635

ALP (U/L)

67.21 ± 17.96

68.2357 ± 17.93

67.99 ± 17.41

69.17 ± 18.51

<0.001^***

ALT (U/L)

25.48(15.90,29.20)

25.14(15.90, 29.10)

26.01(15.90,30.50)

28.78(17.10,32.85)

<0.001^***

AST (U/L)

22.95(17.50,25.40)

22.47(17.50, 24.90)

22.87(17.70,25.00)

24.17(18.25,26.40)

<0.001^***

GH (%)

6.03 ± 0.85

5.89 ± 0.80

5.92 ± 0.76

6.00 ± 0.92

<0.001^***

FBG (mmol/L)

5.58 ± 1.35

5.37 ± 1.31

5.46 ± 1.38

5.65 ± 1.75

<0.001^***

BMD (mg/cm³)

117.04 ± 34.89

123.26 ± 34.93

123.69 ± 33.39

125.38 ± 32.43

<0.001^***

Female (n = 7155)

TC (mmol/L)

Q1(1.89–4.44)

Q2(4.45–5.04)

Q3(5.05–5.70)

Q4(5.71–13.77)

P value

Age (year)

52.86 ± 13.19

51.26 ± 10.93

53.87 ± 9.75

56.43 ± 9.24

<0.001^***

Nationality, (%)

0.163

Han nationality

98.81

98.61

97.87

98.01

non-Han nationality

1.19

1.39

2.13

1.98

Marital status (%)

<0.001^***

Married

96.44

96.65

98.21

98.99

Not married

3.56

3.35

1.79

1.01

DBP (mmHg)

70.39 ± 11.55

71.63 ± 11.34

72.53 ± 11.42

73.88 ± 11.62

<0.001^***

SBP (mmHg)

124.28 ± 20.90

123.82 ± 20.20

125.98 ± 20.22

129.03 ± 20.89

<0.001^***

BMI (kg/m²), (%)

0.002^**

<24

60.51

58.42

56.48

56.97

≥ 24, <28

30.70

33.24

31.19

33.65

≥ 28

8.79

8.34

9.33

9.38

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.36 ± 0.26

1.46 ± 0.29

1.52 ± 0.31

1.59 ± 0.33

<0.001^***

TG (mmol/L)

1.27 ± 0.68

1.40 ± 0.85

1.55 ± 0.83

1.77 ± 1.03

<0.001^***

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.06 ± 0.38

2.66 ± 0.33

3.13 ± 0.36

3.87 ± 0.59

<0.001^***

TP (g/L)

71.14 ± 4.06

71.50 ± 3.88

72.10 ± 3.79

72.91 ± 3.91

<0.001^***

TB (µmol/L)

15.60(11.70,21.40)

15.6(12.00, 21.80)

16.00(12.60,21.50)

16.90(13.20,22.90)

<0.001^***

Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)

1.17 ± 0.03

1.15 ± 0.05

1.17 ± 0.02

1.16 ± 0.04

0.002^**

Serum calcium (mmol/L)

2.35 ± 0.06

2.33 ± 0.02

2.35 ± 0.01

2.36 ± 0.03

<0.001^***

Serum potassium (mmol/L)

4.09 ± 0.07

4.13 ± 0.05

4.19 ± 0.06

4.20 ± 0.08

0.486

ALP (U/L)

65.34 ± 23.49

67.45 ± 22.75

70.33 ± 21.60

72.14 ± 20.44

<0.001^***

ALT(U/L)

21.02(15.90,23.20)

20.84(16.10,23.10)

21.48(16.90,23.50)

22.54(17.80,24.60)

<0.001^***

AST(U/L)

19.85(12.60,21.90)

20.44(13.20, 22.00)

22.36(13.65,23.50)

24.28(14.50,25.90)

<0.001^***

GH (%)

5.85 ± 0.70

5.78 ± 0.57

5.83 ± 0.60

5.90 ± 0.74

<0.001^***

FBG (mmol/L)

5.17 ± 1.10

5.04 ± 0.93

5.14 ± 1.05

5.29 ± 1.32

<0.001^***

BMD (mg/cm³)

130.18 ± 46.20

132.49 ± 42.46

124.94 ± 42.60

115.98 ± 39.06

<0.001^***