Table 1 The baseline characteristics of participants
Variables | RC group (mmol/L) | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (≤ 0.310) | Q2 (0.310 to ≤ 0.520) | Q3 (0.520 to ≤ 0.840) | Q4 (> 0.840) | ||
Participants | 2513 | 2502 | 2529 | 2523 | Â |
Gender |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Male | 1253 (49.861%) | 1203 (48.082%) | 1112 (43.970%) | 1129 (44.748%) |  |
 Female | 1260 (50.139%) | 1299 (51.918%) | 1417 (56.030%) | 1394 (55.252%) |  |
 Age (years) | 59.388 ± 9.686 | 59.555 ± 9.342 | 59.072 ± 9.192 | 58.580 ± 9.142 | 0.001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 22.526 ± 3.562 | 23.110 ± 3.818 | 23.715 ± 3.962 | 24.997 ± 4.103 | < 0.001 |
Drinking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.083 |
 Never drinkers | 329 (13.092%) | 347 (13.869%) | 351 (13.879%) | 354 (14.031%) |  |
 Ever drinkers | 1495 (59.491%) | 1525 (60.951%) | 1558 (61.605%) | 1576 (62.465%) |  |
 Current drinkers | 689 (27.417%) | 630 (25.180%) | 620 (24.516%) | 593 (23.504%) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.178 |
 Never smokers | 1545 (61.480%) | 1517 (60.631%) | 1583 (62.594%) | 1584 (62.782%) |  |
 Ever smokers | 221 (8.794%) | 207 (8.273%) | 200 (7.908%) | 235 (9.314%) |  |
 Current smokers | 747 (29.725%) | 778 (31.095%) | 746 (29.498%) | 704 (27.903%) |  |
Physical activity |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 846 (33.665%) | 866 (34.612%) | 921 (36.418%) | 1019 (40.388%) |  |
 Yes | 1667 (66.335%) | 1636 (65.388%) | 1608 (63.582%) | 1504 (59.612%) |  |
Heart diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.020 |
 No | 2222 (88.420%) | 2236 (89.369%) | 2216 (87.624%) | 2185 (86.603%) |  |
 Yes | 291 (11.580%) | 266 (10.631%) | 313 (12.376%) | 338 (13.397%) |  |
Lipid therapy |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 2439 (97.055%) | 2403 (96.043%) | 2409 (95.255%) | 2314 (91.716%) |  |
 Yes | 74 (2.945%) | 99 (3.957%) | 120 (4.745%) | 209 (8.284%) |  |
Hypertension |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 2027 (80.661%) | 1946 (77.778%) | 1909 (75.484%) | 1724 (68.331%) |  |
 Yes | 486 (19.339%) | 556 (22.222%) | 620 (24.516%) | 799 (31.669%) |  |
Diabetes mellitus |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 2411 (95.941%) | 2379 (95.084%) | 2405 (95.097%) | 2316 (91.795%) |  |
 Yes | 102 (4.059%) | 123 (4.916%) | 124 (4.903%) | 207 (8.205%) |  |
 HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.551 ± 0.374 | 1.384 ± 0.349 | 1.281 ± 0.344 | 1.045 ± 0.304 | < 0.001 |
 TG (mmol/L) | 0.800 ± 0.247 | 1.070 ± 0.309 | 1.418 ± 0.411 | 2.754 ± 1.519 | < 0.001 |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.021 ± 0.825 | 3.079 ± 0.852 | 3.084 ± 0.871 | 2.838 ± 1.034 | < 0.001 |
 TC (mmol/L) | 4.762 ± 0.916 | 4.873 ± 0.912 | 5.028 ± 0.944 | 5.347 ± 1.080 | < 0.001 |
 CRP (mg/L) | 0.813 (0.469–1.720) | 0.980 (0.540–2.170) | 1.080 (0.563–2.250) | 1.252 (0.660–2.550) | < 0.001 |
 Scr (mg/dL) | 0.773 ± 0.330 | 0.778 ± 0.210 | 0.777 ± 0.185 | 0.800 ± 0.200 | < 0.001 |
 FPG (mg/dL) | 103.085 ± 24.337 | 105.621 ± 28.182 | 110.605 ± 41.044 | 121.122 ± 43.124 | < 0.001 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.151 ± 0.666 | 5.166 ± 0.685 | 5.274 ± 0.878 | 5.395 ± 0.945 | < 0.001 |
 Cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.033 ± 0.329 | 1.028 ± 0.257 | 1.003 ± 0.244 | 0.949 ± 0.269 | < 0.001 |