A potential correlation between adipokines, skeletal muscle function and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly individuals

Table 2 Basic information, body composition, skeletal muscle function and BMD of Group 1 and Group 2

	Total(n = 125)	Group 1(n = 69)	Group 2(n = 56)	P
Height (cm)	161.0 ± 7.8	164.2 ± 7.1	157.1 ± 6.9	< 0.001^***
Weight (kg)	62.0 ± 7.9	64.7 ± 8.2	58.7 ± 6.2	< 0.001^***
BMI (kg/m²)	24.0 ± 1.9	23.9 ± 1.8	24.1 ± 2.1	0.599
Body fat mass (kg)	19.8 ± 4.4	20.0 ± 4.8	19.5 ± 3.7	0.484
SMM (kg)	23.0 ± 4.2	24.6 ± 4.1	21.0 ± 3.3	< 0.001^***
Right upper limb muscle mass (kg)	2.2 ± 0.7	2.5 ± 0.8	2.0 ± 0.4	< 0.001^***
Left upper limb muscle mass (kg)	2.2 ± 0.7	2.3 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.9	0.017^*
Trunk muscle mass (kg)	19.2 ± 3.2	20.4 ± 3.2	17.8 ± 2.6	< 0.001^***
Right lower limb muscle mass (kg)	6.3 ± 1.3	6.7 ± 1.2	5.7 ± 1.1	< 0.001^***
Left lower limb muscle mass (kg)	6.3 ± 1.3	6.7 ± 1.2	5.7 ± 1.1	< 0.001^***
ASM (kg)	17.0 ± 3.6	18.2 ± 3.5	15.5 ± 3.1	< 0.001^***
SMI (kg/m²)	6.49 ± 0.83	6.71 ± 0.80	6.21 ± 0.78	0.001^**
Basal metabolic rate (kcal)	1288.8 ± 148.7	1346.5 ± 146.2	1217.8 ± 118.9	< 0.001^***
Grip strength (kg)	22.3 ± 8.2	23.9 ± 8.3	20.2 ± 7.6	0.017^*
FTSST (s)	12.82 ± 4.61	11.99 ± 3.78	13.89 ± 5.35	0.029^*
Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm²)	0.891 ± 0.183	0.894 ± 0.187	0.887 ± 0.189	0.833
Total hip BMD (g/cm²)	0.796 ± 0.138	0.819 ± 0.139	0.768 ± 0.131	0.043^*
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm²)	0.656 ± 0.115	0.679 ± 0.124	0.626 ± 0.096	0.011^*
Osteoporosis	40 (32.0)	17 (24.6)	23 (41.1)	0.05
Osteopenia & Osteoporosis	106 (84.8)	53 (76.8)	53 (94.6)	0.006^*

^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001. P values were 2-sided and values < 0.05 were considered to be significantly important

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