Control group (nā=ā50) | LCD group (nā=ā47) | P a | P b | P c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | ||||
Age (year) | 41.0āĀ±ā1.34 | 40.2 | Ā±1.57 | 0.673 | |||
Male/Female n, (%) | 14 (28.0)/36 (72.0) | 13 (27.7)/34 (72.3) | 0.970 | ||||
Cigarette smoker n, (%) | 3 (6.0) | 4 (8.5) | 0.633 | ||||
Alcohol drinker n, (%) | 30 (60.0) | 24 (51.1) | 0.376 | ||||
Weight (kg) | 71.9 Ā± 1.24 | 72.1 Ā± 1.27 | 72.2āĀ±ā1.36 | 68.8āĀ±ā1.38*** | 0.887 | 0.074 | |
āChange | 0.21āĀ±ā0.12 | ā3.44āĀ±ā0.28 | <ā0.001 | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 Ā± 0.20 | 27.1 Ā± 0.21 | 27.2āĀ±ā0.22 | 25.9āĀ±ā0.25*** | 0.570 | <ā0.001 | |
āChange | 0.08āĀ±ā0.04 | ā1.31āĀ±ā0.11 | <ā0.001 | ||||
Waist (cm) | 91.8 Ā± 0.79 | 91.7 Ā± 0.72 | 90.6āĀ±ā0.76 | 88.7āĀ±ā0.76*** | 0.263 | 0.005 | |
āChange | ā0.16āĀ±ā0.29 | ā1.90āĀ±ā0.40 | 0.001 | ||||
CT evaluation (L1) | |||||||
āWhole fat area (cm2) | 256.7 Ā± 7.87 | 260.6 Ā± 7.73 | 250.3āĀ±ā8.00 | 233.4āĀ±ā8.17*** | 0.575 | 0.017 | |
āāChange | 3.97āĀ±ā2.79 | ā16.9āĀ±ā3.41 | <ā0.001 | ||||
āVisceral fat area (cm2) | 117.9 Ā± 5.92 | 121.2 Ā± 5.80 | 109.2āĀ±ā6.04 | 100.1āĀ±ā5.63*** | 0.309 | 0.011 | |
āāChange | 3.27āĀ±ā2.29 | ā9.10āĀ±ā2.40 | <ā0.001 | ||||
āSubcutaneous fat area (cm2) | 138.8 Ā± 5.39 | 139.5 Ā± 5.22 | 141.1āĀ±ā5.83 | 133.3āĀ±ā5.50*** | 0.769 | 0.418 | |
āāChange | 0.70āĀ±ā1.05 | ā7.81āĀ±ā1.94 | <ā0.001 | ||||
CT evaluation (L4) | |||||||
āWhole fat area (cm2) | 307.9 Ā± 6.42 | 305.9 Ā± 6.35 | 300.7āĀ±ā6.83 | 279.4āĀ±ā6.77*** | 0.441 | 0.005 | |
āāChange | ā2.06āĀ±ā2.64 | ā21.3āĀ±ā4.73 | 0.001 | ||||
āVisceral fat area (cm2) | 93.4 Ā± 4.06 | 93.4 Ā± 3.92 | 90.9āĀ±ā4.41 | 81.2āĀ±ā4.39** | 0.667 | 0.040 | |
āāChange | 0.00āĀ±ā1.51 | ā9.66āĀ±ā2.79 | 0.003 | ||||
āSubcutaneous fat area (cm2) | 214.5 Ā± 6.37 | 212.4 Ā± 6.12 | 209.8āĀ±ā7.10 | 198.2āĀ±ā5.81* | 0.625 | 0.097 | |
āāChange | ā2.05āĀ±ā2.24 | ā11.6āĀ±ā4.33 | 0.054 | ||||
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.0 Ā± 1.96 | 117.0 Ā± 1.66 | 121.1āĀ±ā1.91 | 117.0āĀ±ā1.87* | 0.453 | 0.987 | |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.7 Ā± 1.28 | 72.8 Ā± 1.09 | 74.7āĀ±ā1.50 | 72.1āĀ±ā1.29* | 0.607 | 0.694 | |
Glucose (mg/dL)ā® | 88.5 Ā± 1.41 | 89.5 Ā± 1.26 | 86.4āĀ±ā1.38 | 88.0āĀ±ā1.45 | 0.288 | 0.378 | |
Insulin (Ī¼IU/dL)ā® | 15.6 Ā± 1.68 | 14.8 Ā± 1.61 | 13.5āĀ±ā0.92 | 11.8āĀ±ā0.82* | 0.519 | 0.032 | |
HOMA-IRā® | 3.42 Ā± 0.37 | 3.32 Ā± 0.43 | 2.91āĀ±ā0.22 | 2.60āĀ±ā0.21 | 0.392 | 0.028 | |
Free fatty acid (uEq/L)ā® | 617.2 Ā± 37.8 | 600.2 Ā± 34.6 | 614.8āĀ±ā42.0 | 745.4āĀ±ā50.2* | 0.966 | 0.016 | |
āChange | ā17.0āĀ±ā42.3 | 130.7āĀ±ā58.1 | 0.041 | ||||
Triglyceride (mg/dL)ā® | 125.1 Ā± 9.84 | 129.6 Ā± 9.18 | 111.9āĀ±ā8.79 | 125.8āĀ±ā30.4 | 0.230 | 0.445 | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)ā® | 206.9 Ā± 5.81 | 211.1 Ā± 5.80 | 195.0āĀ±ā4.97 | 198.7āĀ±ā5.36 | 0.151 | 0.132 | |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)ā® | 53.6 Ā± 1.53 | 54.9 Ā± 1.62 | 52.3āĀ±ā1.83 | 53.4āĀ±ā1.57 | 0.452 | 0.524 | |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)ā® | 128.7 Ā± 5.21 | 129.4 Ā± 5.08 | 120.2āĀ±ā4.70 | 123.4āĀ±ā4.59 | 0.264 | 0.430 | |
Oxidized LDL (U/L)ā® | 57.4 Ā± 2.53 | 54.9 Ā± 2.15 | 55.3āĀ±ā2.61 | 51.2āĀ±ā2.14 | 0.569 | 0.207 | |
Lp-PLA2 activity (nmol/ml/min)ā® | 28.1 Ā± 1.18 | 27.7 Ā± 1.29 | 27.2āĀ±ā1.47 | 26.8āĀ±ā1.50 | 0.603 | 0.364 |