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Table 1 Effects of 12-week consumption of a low calorie diet (LCD) on body weight and abdominal fat areas by CT and biochemical parameters

From: Metabolomics identifies increases in the acylcarnitine profiles in the plasma of overweight subjects in response to mild weight loss: a randomized, controlled design study

 

Control group (nā€‰=ā€‰50)

LCD group (nā€‰=ā€‰47)

P a

P b

P c

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline

Follow-up

Age (year)

41.0ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.34

40.2

Ā±1.57

0.673

  

Male/Female n, (%)

14 (28.0)/36 (72.0)

13 (27.7)/34 (72.3)

0.970

  

Cigarette smoker n, (%)

3 (6.0)

4 (8.5)

0.633

  

Alcohol drinker n, (%)

30 (60.0)

24 (51.1)

0.376

  

Weight (kg)

71.9 Ā± 1.24

72.1 Ā± 1.27

72.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.36

68.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.38***

0.887

0.074

 

ā€ƒChange

0.21ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.12

āˆ’3.44ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.28

  

<ā€‰0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

27.1 Ā± 0.20

27.1 Ā± 0.21

27.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.22

25.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.25***

0.570

<ā€‰0.001

 

ā€ƒChange

0.08ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.04

āˆ’1.31ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.11

  

<ā€‰0.001

Waist (cm)

91.8 Ā± 0.79

91.7 Ā± 0.72

90.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.76

88.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.76***

0.263

0.005

 

ā€ƒChange

āˆ’0.16ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.29

āˆ’1.90ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.40

  

0.001

CT evaluation (L1)

ā€ƒWhole fat area (cm2)

256.7 Ā± 7.87

260.6 Ā± 7.73

250.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰8.00

233.4ā€‰Ā±ā€‰8.17***

0.575

0.017

 

ā€ƒā€ƒChange

3.97ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.79

āˆ’16.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰3.41

  

<ā€‰0.001

ā€ƒVisceral fat area (cm2)

117.9 Ā± 5.92

121.2 Ā± 5.80

109.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6.04

100.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰5.63***

0.309

0.011

 

ā€ƒā€ƒChange

3.27ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.29

āˆ’9.10ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.40

  

<ā€‰0.001

ā€ƒSubcutaneous fat area (cm2)

138.8 Ā± 5.39

139.5 Ā± 5.22

141.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰5.83

133.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰5.50***

0.769

0.418

 

ā€ƒā€ƒChange

0.70ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.05

āˆ’7.81ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.94

  

<ā€‰0.001

CT evaluation (L4)

ā€ƒWhole fat area (cm2)

307.9 Ā± 6.42

305.9 Ā± 6.35

300.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6.83

279.4ā€‰Ā±ā€‰6.77***

0.441

0.005

 

ā€ƒā€ƒChange

āˆ’2.06ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.64

āˆ’21.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.73

  

0.001

ā€ƒVisceral fat area (cm2)

93.4 Ā± 4.06

93.4 Ā± 3.92

90.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.41

81.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.39**

0.667

0.040

 

ā€ƒā€ƒChange

0.00ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.51

āˆ’9.66ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.79

  

0.003

ā€ƒSubcutaneous fat area (cm2)

214.5 Ā± 6.37

212.4 Ā± 6.12

209.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰7.10

198.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰5.81*

0.625

0.097

 

ā€ƒā€ƒChange

āˆ’2.05ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.24

āˆ’11.6ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.33

  

0.054

Systolic BP (mmHg)

119.0 Ā± 1.96

117.0 Ā± 1.66

121.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.91

117.0ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.87*

0.453

0.987

 

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

73.7 Ā± 1.28

72.8 Ā± 1.09

74.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.50

72.1ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.29*

0.607

0.694

 

Glucose (mg/dL)āˆ®

88.5 Ā± 1.41

89.5 Ā± 1.26

86.4ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.38

88.0ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.45

0.288

0.378

 

Insulin (Ī¼IU/dL)āˆ®

15.6 Ā± 1.68

14.8 Ā± 1.61

13.5ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.92

11.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.82*

0.519

0.032

 

HOMA-IRāˆ®

3.42 Ā± 0.37

3.32 Ā± 0.43

2.91ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.22

2.60ā€‰Ā±ā€‰0.21

0.392

0.028

 

Free fatty acid (uEq/L)āˆ®

617.2 Ā± 37.8

600.2 Ā± 34.6

614.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰42.0

745.4ā€‰Ā±ā€‰50.2*

0.966

0.016

 

ā€ƒChange

āˆ’17.0ā€‰Ā±ā€‰42.3

130.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰58.1

  

0.041

Triglyceride (mg/dL)āˆ®

125.1 Ā± 9.84

129.6 Ā± 9.18

111.9ā€‰Ā±ā€‰8.79

125.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰30.4

0.230

0.445

 

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)āˆ®

206.9 Ā± 5.81

211.1 Ā± 5.80

195.0ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.97

198.7ā€‰Ā±ā€‰5.36

0.151

0.132

 

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)āˆ®

53.6 Ā± 1.53

54.9 Ā± 1.62

52.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.83

53.4ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.57

0.452

0.524

 

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)āˆ®

128.7 Ā± 5.21

129.4 Ā± 5.08

120.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.70

123.4ā€‰Ā±ā€‰4.59

0.264

0.430

 

Oxidized LDL (U/L)āˆ®

57.4 Ā± 2.53

54.9 Ā± 2.15

55.3ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.61

51.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰2.14

0.569

0.207

 

Lp-PLA2 activity (nmol/ml/min)āˆ®

28.1 Ā± 1.18

27.7 Ā± 1.29

27.2ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.47

26.8ā€‰Ā±ā€‰1.50

0.603

0.364

 
  1. Meanā€‰Ā±ā€‰SE.āˆ®tested following logarithmic transformation. Pa-values derived from a Chi-squared test or an independent t-test for the nominal or continuous variables, respectively, at baseline between groups. Pb-values derived from an independent t-test at follow-up between groups. Pc-values derived from an independent t-test at changed value between groups. *pā€‰<ā€‰0.05, **pā€‰<ā€‰0.01, and ***pā€‰<ā€‰0.001 derived from a paired t-test to compare baseline and follow-up within each group