Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the Microalbuminuria group and non-Microalbuminuria group
Characteristics | Microalbuminuria group | non-Microalbuminuria group | aP value |
|---|---|---|---|
n | 138 | 386 | |
Female (%) | 53.3 | 46.1 | 0.066 |
Age (years) | 63 (55–73) | 62 (55–70) | 0.468 |
SBP (mmHg) | 140 (130–153) | 132 (120–150) | 0.002 |
DBP (mmHg) | 84 (80–90) | 80 (75–90) | 0.024 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.7 (3.9–5.3) | 4.7 (4.0–5.5) | 0.356 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.016 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 1.10 (0.94–1.31) | 0.002 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 2.7 (2.1–3.3) | 0.401 |
Cr (umol/L) | 89 (77–103) | 84 (74–94) | 0.001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.4 (24.6–28.7) | 25.8 (23.7–28.4) | 0.058 |
WC (cm) | 99 (92–105) | 95 (90–102) | 0.008 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 10 (6–15) | 10 (5–15) | 0.091 |
HbA1c (%) | 9.0 (7.9–10.4) | 8.5 (7.3–10.3) | 0.040 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 8.1 (6.9–10.1) | 7.4 (6.2–9.0) | < 0.001 |
Fasting C peptide (ng/ml) | 1.9 (1.3–2.5) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 0.316 |
HOMA-IR | 248 (136–354) | 194 (114–316) | 0.019 |
HOMA-B | 2547 (1755–3958) | 3059 (1975–4658) | 0.007 |
Smoking (%) | 28.3 | 22.5 | 0.143 |
Drinking (%) | 16.1 | 11.9 | 0.025 |
Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 64.4 | 21.7 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes medications (%) | |||
Metformin | 60.1 | 56.5 | 0.414 |
Sulfonylureas | 19.6 | 24.8 | 0.213 |
Thiazolidinediones | 9.4 | 15.1 | 0.105 |
Acarbose | 66.7 | 69.2 | 0.584 |
Exenatide | 2.2 | 1.0 | 0.323 |
Saxagliptin | 5.1 | 3.9 | 0.556 |
Insulin | 81.2 | 77.0 | 0.259 |
Antihypertensive medications (%) | |||
ACE inhibitor | 52.9 | 42.0 | 0.028 |
β-Blocker | 21.0 | 17.5 | 0.360 |
Calcium channel blockers | 33.3 | 23.5 | 0.024 |
Lipid-lowing medications (%) | |||
Statins | 50.0 | 47.5 | 0.617 |
Fibrates | 5.8 | 2.3 | 0.051 |
UAER (ug/min) | 48.7(27.0–97.3) | 6.4(4.7–9.7) | < 0.001 |