Table 1 Biochemical and anthropometric characteristics of volunteers at baseline and percent of change

Age (years) ^a

39.0 ± 8.0

37.2 ± 8.1

39.3 ± 6.6

38.1 ± 7.0

ns

ns

ns

Body Mass Index

 Baseline^b

33.3 ± 6.1

32.9 ± 3.1

32.5 ± 4.2

33.2 ± 3.7

 Endpoint^c

31.1 ± 6.0

30.9 ± 3.3

29.8 ± 4.0

30.6 ± 3.8

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c

−6.6 ± 2.9

−6.1 ± 2.7

−8.2 ± 3.6

−7.9 ± 3.5

ns

0.036

ns

Fat mass

 Baseline (kg)^a

36.8 ± 10.7

37.8 ± 7.2

35.8 ± 9.6

36.7 ± 9.3

 Endpoint (kg)^c

32.5 ± 10.6

33.8 ± 7.8

30.1 ± 8.6

31.1 ± 8.4

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c

−12.2 ± 5.8

−11.2 ± 7.0

−15.8 ± 7.8

− 15.4 ± 6.5

ns

0.025

ns

Waist circumference

 Baseline (cm)^a

100.8 ± 14.9

101.9 ± 7.8

96.6 ± 9.2

98.5 ± 9.0

 Endpoint (cm)^c

95.1 ± 15.3

95.0 ± 8.2

90.7 ± 8.9

91.8 ± 8.9

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c

−5.8 ± 2.4

−6.8 ± 3.4

−6.0 ± 3.4

−6.7 ± 2.9

ns

ns

ns

HOMA-IR

 Baseline^a

1.9 ± 1.9

1.5 ± 1.1

1.5 ± 0.7

2.0 ± 1.1

 Endpoint^c,d

1.2 (0.2)

1.4 (0.2)

1.1 (0.2)

1.1 (0.2)

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c,d

−21.1 (9.6)

3.1 (10.8)

−29.0 (10.4)

−37.1 (10.8)

ns

0.024

ns

LDL-cholesterol

 Baseline (mg/dL)^b

125.6 ± 32.0

119.6 ± 34.1

122.9 ± 25.7

129.8 ± 35.8

 Endpoint (mg/dL)^c

119.4 ± 31.9

102.0 ± 28.1

107.4 ± 19.7

113.7 ± 34.1

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c

−4.5 ± 10.7

−13.8 ± 14.2

−10.7 ± 18.3

−11.9 ± 15.0

ns

ns

ns

HDL-cholesterol

 Baseline (mg/dL)^b

50.4 ± 11.1

50.4 ± 10.3

49.6 ± 9.9

49.0 ± 13.6

 Endpoint (mg/dL)^c

47.2 ± 9.8

44.7 ± 11.9

42.8 ± 10.5

44.8 ± 10.6

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c

−5.4 ± 11.8

−11.1 ± 13.8

−13.8 ± 9.1

−6.7 ± 12.9

ns

ns

ns

FFA

 Baseline (mmol/L)^a

0.51 ± 0.20

0.51 ± 0.10

0.52 ± 0.23

0.58 ± 0.18

 Endpoint (mmol/L)^c

0.52 ± 0.19

0.57 ± 0.15

0.49 ± 0.14

0.63 ± 0.18

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c

12.8 ± 45.2

13.4 ± 31.0

1.9 ± 0.17

31.6 ± 30.5

ns

ns

ns

Triglycerides

 Baseline (mg/dL)^a

89.2 ± 41.6

84.4 ± 33.5

95.9 ± 50.7

91.3 ± 44.8

 Endpoint (mg/dL)^c,d

77.4 (5.6)

77.2 (6.5)

70.0 (6.3)

69.7 (6.3)

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c,d

−10.3 (6.4)

−7.4 (7.5)

−10.7 (7.2)

−17.8 (7.2)

ns

ns

ns

β-hydroxybutyrate

 Baseline (mmol/L)^a

0.36 ± 0.26

0.28 ± 0.23

0.39 ± 0.23

0.32 ± 0.16

 Endpoint (mmol/L)^c

0.28 (0.07)

0.45 (0.08)

0.33 (0.08)

0.42 (0.08)

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c,d

20.9 (47.1)

70.5 (51.9)

32.1 (50.2)

123.8 (51.6)

ns

ns

ns

ADMA

 Baseline (μmol/L)^a

0.58 ± 0.23

0.80 ± 0.45

0.57 ± 0.21

0.59 ± 0.23

 Endpoint (μmol/L)^c,d

0.46 (0.05)

0.63 (0.06)

0.41 (0.06)

0.35 (0.06)

ns

0.007

ns

 Change (%)^c,d

−25.7 (10.8)

15.2 (12.5)

−33.7 (11.7)

−42.6 (12.1)*

–

–

0.04

SOD

 Baseline (U/mg)^a

305.2 ± 275.3

195.3 ± 91.3

366.0 ± 510.8

245.1 ± 195.9

 Endpoint (U/mg)^c,d

247.8 (38.1)

235.6 (44.7)

221.6 (41.9)

244.6 (44.4)

ns

ns

ns

 Change (%)^c,d

2.1 (6.5)

10.1 (7.6)

−1.7 (7.1)

0.5 (7.6)

ns

ns

ns