Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of total subjects, n = 41

From: Usefulness of circuit training at home for improving bone mass and muscle mass while losing fat mass in undergraduate female students

 

Factors

Means ± SD (range)

t-scoreb

 

Age (years)

18.5 ± 0.6 (18–20)

 

Height (cm)

157.7 ± 5.2 (145.6–167.4)

Secondary sexual characteristic development (age in years)a

12.1 ± 1.4 (9.0–16.0)

Measurement at the baseline

Calcaneus QUS-SI (Stiffness index)

104.7 ± 16.2 (75.0–151.0)

Calcaneus QUS-SOS (m/s)

217.7 ± 54.6 (91.0–255.0)

Calcaneus QUS-BUA (dB/MHz)

33.1 ± 2.6 (31.0–41.0)

Weight (kg)

51.2 ± 7.0 (38.9–73.5)

Body Fat Percentage (%)

27.7 ± 4.6 (17.4–39.3)

BMI (kg/m2)

20.6 ± 2.5 (15.0–28.6)

Muscle mass (kg)

34.7 ± 3.1 (28.3–43.0)

Measurement after 2 months

Calcaneus QUS-SI (Stiffness index)

109.5 ± 18.2 (74.0–163.0)

1.075

Calcaneus QUS-SOS (m/s)

212.4 ± 53.3 (93.0–255.0)

0.658

Calcaneus QUS-BUA (dB/MHz)

32.1 ± 0.6 (29.0–33.0)

1.877

Weight (kg)

51.4 ± 7.0 (40.4–73.3)

0.117

Body Fat Percentage (%)

28.1 ± 4.6 (19.7–39.1)

0.427

BMI (kg/m2)

20.7 ± 2.4 (15.6–28.5)

0.200

Muscle mass (kg)

34.7 ± 3.0 (28.0–42.9)

0.530

Measurement after 3 months

Calcaneus QUS-SI (Stiffness index)

108.6 ± 16.7 (74.0–166.0)

1.264

Calcaneus QUS-SOS (m/s)

221.1 ± 51.8 (80.0–255.0)

0.839

Calcaneus QUS-BUA (dB/MHz)

32.4 ± 0.7 (31.0–34.0)

2.644

Weight (kg)

51.2 ± 7.1 (40.0–74.2)

0.038

Body Fat Percentage (%)

28.5 ± 4.7 (18.7–40.1)

0.760

BMI (kg/m2)

20.6 ± 2.5 (15.4–28.9)

0.013

Muscle mass (kg)

34.3 ± 2.9 (28.3–42.0)

0.633

  1. 2D:4D ratio of the finger length of the 2nd and 4th digit, QUS-SI stiffness index by quantitative ultrasound, QUS-SOS speed of sound by quantitative ultrasound, QUS-BUA broadband ultrasound attenuation by quantitative ultrasound, BMI body mass index
  2. aThe age at which menstruation started
  3. bt-score by an unpaired t-test (two-sided test) showed the differences between the baseline and either 2 or 3 months after baseline
  4. [†] indicates a significant relationship between the baseline and the time of follow-up; † < 0.05