Fatty acids modulate the expression levels of key proteins for cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 monolayer

Table 5 Effect of fatty acids on the transport of cholesterol across Caco-2 cell monolayer^a

	P_app (×10⁻⁶cm/s)		Uptake Ratio	AP-BL permeation (% of control)	BL-AP permeation (% of control)
	AP-BL	BL-AP	Uptake Ratio	AP-BL permeation (% of control)	BL-AP permeation (% of control)
Control	26.4 ± 0.4^a	5.6 ± 0.3	4.73 ± 0.2^a	100^a	100
PAM	18.5 ± 3.5^ab	6.1 ± 0.8	3.05 ± 0.6^ab	118.3 ± 16.7^a	111.0 ± 10.3
OLA	13.7 ± 3.6^b	6.1 ± 0.3	2.24 ± 0.5^ab	86.8 ± 16.0^ab	112.1 ± 10.3
LNA	13.4 ± 2.1^b	6.2 ± 0.3	2.17 ± 0.3^ab	85.4 ± 6.7^ab	113.1 ± 3.4
ARA	11.0 ± 2.0^bc	6.2 ± 0.4	1.78 ± 0.3^bc	69.8 ± 8.0^b	112.7 ± 1.2
EPA	6.8 ± 1.7^c	6.1 ± 1.0	1.11 ± 0.1^c	43.4 ± 9.0^c	111.8 ± 11.1
DHA	5.5 ± 1.6^c	6.4 ± 0.4	0.86 ± 0.3^c	35.0 ± 9.0^c	112.9 ± 17.3

^aCaco-2 cells were incubated in the micellar medium after 21 days growing and micellar solutions with fatty acids were added to both the apical or basolateral sides. Micellar solutions with 0.1% (v/v) DMSO was as follows: 2 μCi/mL [1,2-³H (N)]-cholesterol, 100 μmol/L cholesterol, 1 mmol/L oleic acid (OLA for Control) or 0.5 mmol/L fatty acids (PAM, OLA, LNA, ARA, EPA and DHA), 0.5 mmol/L monoolein, 6.6 mmol/L sodium taurocholate, and 0.1 mmol/L soy PtdCho in HBSS (pH 7.4). Samples from the receiving compartment were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min, and analyzed by liquid scintillation counting as described under the Materials and Methods. The uptake ratio is defined as the quotient of the absorptive permeability and the secretory permeability (P_app, _AP-BL/P_app, _BL-AP). Each point represents the mean ± SD for at least three independent monolayers (a > b > c > d, all p < 0.01)

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