Fig. 4
The effects of fatty acids on mRNA expression levels of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 (ABCG5) (a), ABCG8 (b), ABCA1 (c), acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) (d), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) (e), Caveolin 1 (f), Annexin A2 (g), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1) (H) and SREBP-2 (I) in Caco-2 cells. Caco-2 cells were incubated in media with increasing concentrations of the indicated fatty acid micellar solutions for 24 h, as described in the Methods and Materials section. Micellar solutions with 0.1% (v/v) DMSO were as follows: 2 μCi/mL [1,2-3H (N)]-cholesterol, 100 μmol/L cholesterol, 0 mmol/L (for control) or 0.1 / 0.5 / 1.0 mmol/L fatty acids (PAM, OLA, LNA, ARA, EPA or DHA), 0.5 mmol/L monoolein, 6.6 mmol/L sodium taurocholate, and 0.1 mmol/L soy PtdCho in cultural medium containing 20% delipidized FBS. Values of the indicated genes were normalized to that of GAPDH, a housekeeping gene, which was set to 1. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 were compared to control cells (Caco-2 cells incubated with micellar solution without fatty acid). Data were represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. PAM: palmitic acid; OLA: oleic acid; LNA: linoleic acid; ARA: arachidonic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid