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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the CEPHEUS diabetic cohort stratified by sex (N = 3336)

From: Sex disparity in the management and outcomes of dyslipidemia of diabetic patients in the Arabian Gulf: findings from the CEPHEUS study

Characteristic, mean ± SD unless specified otherwise

All (N = 3336)

Female (n = 1486) 45%

Male Female (n = 1850) 55%

P-value

Demographic

 Gulf citizen, n (%)

2667 (80%)

1337 (90%)

1330 (72%)

< 0.001

 Age, years

57 ± 11

57 ± 10

57 ± 11

0.883

 Weight, kg

83 ± 18

80 ± 17

85 ± 18

< 0.001

 Waist circumference, cm

105 ± 14

104 ± 14

105 ± 14

0.097

 BMI, kg/m2

32 ± 7

34 ± 7

30 ± 6

< 0.001

 BMI > 30 kg/m2, n (%)

1843 (55%)

1018 (69%)

825 (45%)

< 0.001

Clinical, n (%)

 Current smoker

381 (11%)

21 (1.4%)

360 (19%)

< 0.001

 Hypertension

2330 (70%)

1031 (69%)

1299 (70%)

0.601

 Coronary heart disease

999 (30%)

251 (17%)

748 (40%)

< 0.001

 PVD

101 (3.0%)

35 (2.4%)

66 (3.6%)

0.042

 Cerebrovascular disease

135 (4.1%)

44 (3.0%)

91 (4.9%)

0.004

 Metabolic syndrome

2437 (76%)

1172 (81%)

1265 (72%)

< 0.001

 Very high ACSVD risk

2755 (83%)

1110 (75%)

1645 (89%)

< 0.001

 HbA1c, %

8.6% ± 3.7%

8.7% ± 3.5%

8.5% ± 3.9%

0.001

 HbA1c < 7%

863 (26%)

382 (26%)

481 (26%)

0.851

Dyslipidemia therapy, n (%)

 Statin monotherapy

3160 (95%)

1439 (97%)

1721 (93%)

< 0.001

 Statin combination

145 (4.4%)

41 (2.8%)

104 (5.6%)

< 0.001

 Othersa

31 (0.9%)

6 (0.4%)

25 (1.4%)

0.005

Lipid levels on treatment

 TC

4.28 ± 1.09

4.47 ± 1.08

4.13 ± 1.08

< 0.001

 LDL-C

2.50 ± 0.90

2.59 ± 0.89

2.42 ± 0.90

< 0.001

 HDL-C

1.16 ± 0.31

1.28 ± 0.31

1.06 ± 0.27

< 0.001

 ApoB, g/L

0.91 ± 0.27

0.93 ± 0.27

0.89 ± 0.27

< 0.001

 Non-HDL-C

3.13 ± 1.06

3.19 ± 1.08

3.07 ± 1.05

0.001

 TG

1.79 ± 1.37

1.73 ± 1.30

1.84 ± 1.42

0.021

  1. SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; TG, triglyceride
  2. aOthers included fibrates (benzafibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil), bile acid sequestrant (colestipol) and ezetimibe
  3. Percentages might not add up to 100% due to missing information as shown below
  4. Age (n = 8), weight (n = 2), waist (n = 69), BMI (n = 10), HbA1c (n = 13), metabolic syndrome (n = 131), systolic BP (n = 6), diastolic BP (n = 6) and BP (n = 6) were missing in some subjects
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X