| Control diet (D0) | Skin | Flesh | Whole fruit | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 150 mg/kg (D1) | 300 mg/kg (D2) | 150 mg/kg (D3) | 300 mg/kg (D4) | 150 mg/kg (D5) | 300 mg/kg (D6) | ||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 0 day | 88.23 ± 1.14abc | 89.67 ± 2.18ab | 88.97 ± 3.29abc | 90.97 ± 2.17a | 89.03 ± 1.85abc | 89.17 ± 2.40abc | 89.93 ± 2.49ab |
28 day | 89.90 ± 2.55ab | 88.73 ± 1.27abc | 88.03 ± 1.36abc | 89.63 ± 2.85ab | 88.10 ± 1.97abc | 88.00 ± 4.23abc | 87.80 ± 2.08abc | |
56 day | 90.37 ± 1.22a | 88.60 ± 2.25abc | 88.03 ± 0.51abc | 87.47 ± 1.21abc | 86.73 ± 1.86bc | 86.73 ± 1.65bc | 86.07 ± 1.23c | |
Insulin (μIU/mL) | 0 day | 9.67 ± 0.32abc | 9.37 ± 0.21abcde | 9.53 ± 0.25abcde | 9.57 ± 0.23abcde | 9.70 ± 0.35ab | 9.30 ± 0.10abcde | 9.60 ± 0.36abcd |
28 day | 9.17 ± 0.06bcde | 9.17 ± 0.61bcde | 9.20 ± 0.56bcde | 9.50 ± 0.10abcde | 9.30 ± 0.40abcde | 9.00 ± 0.36e | 9.37 ± 0.31abcde | |
56 day | 9.03 ± 0.31de | 9.10 ± 0.36cde | 9.33 ± 0.32abcde | 9.07 ± 0.35de | 9.37 ± 0.15abcde | 9.13 ± 0.25bcde | 9.87 ± 0.76a | |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0 day | 78.63 ± 1.95bcd | 79.70 ± 1.42bc | 79.53 ± 1.88bc | 79.60 ± 3.24bc | 78.47 ± 1.48bcd | 80.27 ± 0.95b | 79.60 ± 2.34bc |
28 day | 84.13 ± 0.67a | 78.13 ± 0.70bcd | 76.37 ± 0.87defg | 77.27 ± 1.96cdef | 75.17 ± 1.98efg | 78.37 ± 2.12bcd | 75.93 ± 1.70defg | |
56 day | 85.83 ± 0.35a | 77.13 ± 1.19cdef | 74.60 ± 0.98fg | 75.17 ± 2.22efg | 74.00 ± 0.95g | 75.90 ± 2.56defg | 74.67 ± 1.58fg | |
LDL (mg/dL) | 0 day | 29.87 ± 2.06ab | 29.93 ± 2.28ab | 29.63 ± 3.14ab | 28.63 ± 1.21ab | 29.80 ± 2.09ab | 31.03 ± 2.56a | 29.07 ± 2.15ab |
28 day | 29.97 ± 2.39ab | 29.50 ± 2.46ab | 29.77 ± 1.40ab | 29.33 ± 1.79ab | 28.60 ± 1.47ab | 27.60 ± 1.15bc | 27.27 ± 1.30bc | |
56 day | 29.10 ± 1.51ab | 29.00 ± 1.81ab | 28.07 ± 3.07ab | 28.77 ± 2.06ab | 27.90 ± 1.92abc | 27.97 ± 1.72ab | 27.93 ± 1.55abc | |
HDL (mg/dL) | 0 day | 33.83 ± 1.80g | 34.07 ± 0.71fg | 35.23 ± 2.32efg | 34.77 ± 1.71efg | 35.03 ± 1.64efg | 33.43 ± 1.17g | 34.20 ± 1.93efg |
28 day | 37.30 ± 2.29def | 37.53 ± 1.27cde | 39.07 ± 2.05bcd | 40.87 ± 1.56abc | 41.73 ± 1.75ab | 40.53 ± 2.18abcd | 41.13 ± 2.04ab | |
56 day | 38.80 ± 3.17bcd | 40.23 ± 1.65abcd | 41.90 ± 2.76ab | 41.23 ± 2.90ab | 42.63 ± 1.55a | 42.73 ± 1.57a | 42.77 ± 2.70a | |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 0 day | 68.43 ± 0.71 | 67.77 ± 2.29 | 67.60 ± 0.89 | 67.80 ± 2.00 | 68.37 ± 1.65 | 67.87 ± 1.19 | 67.37 ± 1.50 |
28 day | 68.20 ± 1.40 | 67.37 ± 1.43 | 66.60 ± 1.07 | 67.53 ± 0.87 | 67.50 ± 2.12 | 67.43 ± 3.31 | 67.03 ± 3.25 | |
56 day | 68.33 ± 3.26 | 68.10 ± 1.37 | 67.63 ± 1.59 | 67.23 ± 1.71 | 66.13 ± 2.64 | 66.73 ± 2.84 | 66.03 ± 3.16 | |
ALP (IU/L) | 0 day | 165.20 ± 3.73 | 165.77 ± 6.55 | 164.47 ± 3.84 | 164.57 ± 7.40 | 164.83 ± 3.45 | 164.83 ± 2.60 | 163.77 ± 7.40 |
28 day | 163.83 ± 2.76 | 162.73 ± 1.94 | 161.67 ± 2.31 | 163.10 ± 6.58 | 162.30 ± 1.61 | 163.27 ± 3.48 | 162.10 ± 2.76 | |
56 day | 164.87 ± 3.35 | 163.17 ± 4.43 | 163.33 ± 2.08 | 163.47 ± 3.09 | 162.10 ± 2.31 | 163.13 ± 4.44 | 162. 43 ± 1.46 | |
ALT (IU/L) | 0 day | 42.53 ± 1.90ab | 42.90 ± 1.35a | 41.37 ± 0.93abcde | 42.00 ± 1.15abcd | 42.07 ± 1.23abc | 42.93 ± 2.38a | 42.60 ± 1.21ab |
28 day | 42.90 ± 1.37a | 41.47 ± 0.49abcde | 41.40 ± 0.87abcde | 41.37 ± 0.93abcde | 41.40 ± 2.18abcde | 40.87 ± 0.85abcde | 39.83 ± 0.81cde | |
56 day | 42.70 ± 2.23ab | 41.37 ± 0.99abcde | 41.27 ± 0.91abcde | 40.20 ± 1.06bcde | 39.87 ± 0.38cde | 39.60 ± 2.16de | 39.37 ± 2.40e | |
AST (IU/L) | 0 day | 136.63 ± 2.87abc | 137.40 ± 0.89abc | 137.57 ± 1.70ab | 136.37 ± 2.08abc | 136.30 ± 1.35abc | 136.30 ± 2.38abc | 135.77 ± 1.42abc |
28 day | 136.40 ± 2.26abc | 135.43 ± 1.89abc | 135.37 ± 0.85abc | 135.20 ± 1.54abc | 135.17 ± 0.40bc | 135.20 ± 1.00abc | 135.13 ± 1.07bc | |
56 day | 137.67 ± 1.20a | 136.40 ± 0.56abc | 135.13 ± 1.24bc | 135.10 ± 1.54bc | 135.08 ± 1.03c | 135.10 ± 1.13bc | 135.07 ± 1.95c | |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0 day | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.03 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.02 |
28 day | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.03 | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | |
56 day | 0.74 ± 0.03 | 0.69 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.03 | 0.69 ± 0.01 | 0.69 ± 0.01 | |
Serum urea (mg/dL) | 0 day | 26.47 ± 0.60abc | 27.33 ± 1.00ab | 27.63 ± 0.81a | 26.10 ± 0.62bcd | 26.57 ± 0.57abc | 26.53 ± 0.87abc | 27.53 ± 0.49a |
28 day | 27.50 ± 1.06a | 25.71 ± 0.45cde | 25.71 ± 0.45cdef | 24.94 ± 0.87defg | 24.44 ± 0.55efg | 25.04 ± 0.22defg | 24.21 ± 0.86fghi | |
56 day | 27.57 ± 1.12a | 24.67 ± 1.45efg | 23.04 ± 0.82i | 24.08 ± 0.78ghi | 24.04 ± 0.70ghi | 23.24 ± 0.41hi | 23.00 ± 0.38i |