Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population stratified by ethnicity and sex
Variables | Total | Male | Female | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uygur (n = 692) | Han (n = 705) | P value | Uygur (n = 332) | Han (n = 349) | P value | Uygur (n = 360) | Han (n = 356) | P value | |
Age, years | 59.95 ± 7.38 | 59.12 ± 8.77 | 0.480 | 58.88 ± 7.29 | 61.70 ± 8.75 | 0.132 | 60.82 ± 7.43 | 58.92 ± 9.54 | 0.167 |
Duration of T2DM, years | 8.71 ± 5.87 | 8.87 ± 7.14 | 0.658 | 8.36 ± 5.77 | 8.46 ± 6.85 | 0.617 | 9.00 ± 7.76 | 9.4 ± 5.93 | 0.462 |
WC, cm | 106.60 ± 12.87 | 94.59 ± 11.55 | <0.001 | 104.37 ± 12.06 | 96.69 ± 9.56 | 0.003 | 102.88 ± 13.48 | 93.22 ± 9.56 | <0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 128.97 ± 22.37 | 132.21 ± 19.61 | 0.205 | 126.09 ± 20.36 | 131.74 ± 19.90 | 0.217 | 131.32 ± 19.90 | 132.80 ± 19.25 | 0.394 |
DBP, mmHg | 79.28 ± 10.96 | 78.94 ± 11.55 | 0.581 | 79.91 ± 9.67 | 80.50 ± 11.26 | 0.608 | 78.72 ± 11.90 | 76.96 ± 11.12 | 0.053 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.89 ± 5.18 | 25.61 ± 3.61 | <0.001 | 28.17 ± 18.06 | 25.59 ± 3.22 | 0.010 | 28.37 ± 6.49 | 25.63 ± 4.04 | <0.001 |
BMD-neck, g/cm2 | 0.76 ± 0.12 | 0.74 ± 0.15 | 0.211 | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.136 | 0.73 ± 0.11 | 0.70 ± 0.14 | 0.024 |
BMD-GT, g/cm2 | 0.73 ± 0.14 | 0.74 ± 0.15 | 0.251 | 0.79 ± 0.12 | 0.79 ± 0.13 | 0.165 | 0.67 ± 0.13 | 0.67 ± 0.14 | 0.993 |
BMD-hip, g/cm2 | 0.97 ± 0.82 | 0.91 ± 0.15 | 0.161 | 1.09 ± 1.2 | 0.95 ± 0.14 | 0.165 | 0.87 ± 0.14 | 0.85 ± 0.16 | 0.237 |
BMD(L1–4), g/cm2 | 0.88 ± 0.16 | 0.90 ± 0.17 | 0.261 | 0.94 ± 0.15 | 0.96 ± 0.17 | 0.135 | 0.82 ± 0.18 | 0.84 ± 0.16 | 0.999 |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
 Obesity, n (%) | 276 (39.88) | 148 (20.99) | <0.001 | 118 (35.54) | 72 (20.63) | <0.001 | 168 (46.67) | 94 (26.39) | <0.001 |
 Diabetic nephropathy, n (%) | 128 (18.50) | 118 (16.74) | 0.388 | 65 (19.58) | 58 (16.62) | 0.316 | 63 (17.50) | 60 (16.85%) | 0.819 |
 Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 140 (20.23) | 133 (18.87) | 0.520 | 72 (21.69) | 69 (19.77) | 0.537 | 68 (18.89) | 64 (17.98) | 0.753 |
 Peripheral neuropathy, n (%) neuropathy | 228 (32.95) | 201 (28.51) | 0.072 | 119 (35.84) | 103 (29.51) | 0.078 | 109 (30.28) | 98 (27.53) | 0.084 |
 Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 158 (22.83) | 141 (20.00) | 0.086 | 81 (24.40) | 72 (20.63) | 0.239 | 77 (21.39) | 69 (19.38) | 0.505 |
 Osteoporosis, n (%) | 129 (18.64) | 150 (21.28) | 0.218 | 39 (11.75) | 42 (12.03) | 0.628 | 90 (25.00) | 108 (30.34) | 0.110 |
Previous medications | |||||||||
 Sulfonylureas, n (%) | 184 (26.59) | 158 (22.41) | 0.069 | 96 (28.92) | 82 (23.50) | 0.108 | 88 (24.44) | 76 (21.35) | 0.324 |
 Metformin, n (%) | 485 (70.09) | 502 (71.21) | 0.646 | 236 (71.08) | 239 (68.48) | 0.460 | 249 (69.17) | 263 (73.88) | 0.163 |
 Glucosidase inhibitor, n (%) | 363 (52.46) | 378 (53.62) | 0.664 | 179 (53.92) | 187 (53.58) | 0.930 | 184 (51.11) | 191 (53.65) | 0.496 |
 Insulin, n (%) | 110 (15.90) | 99 (14.04) | 0.271 | 57 (17.17) | 48 (13.75) | 0.271 | 53 (14.72) | 51 (14.33) | 0.880 |
 Anti-dyslipidemic, n (%) | 80 (11.56) | 88 (12.48) | 0.878 | 41 (12.35) | 49 (14.04) | 0.515 | 39 (10.83) | 46 (12.92) | 0.388 |