Table 1 Approximate composition of formula products included in this study (per 100 g of powder)
Nutrient* | PALM | NoPALM | Brazil Human Milk Referencea |
|---|---|---|---|
Energy, kcal | 519 | 513 | - |
Protein, g | 9.5 | 11 | 8.0 |
Carbohydrate, g | 57.9 | 55 | - |
Fat, g | 27.7 | 28 | 28.0 |
Palm olein Oil (%) | 44 | - | - |
High Oleic Sunflower oil (%) | - | 41.4 | - |
Palm Kernel Oil (%) | 21.7 | - | - |
Coconut Oil (%) | - | 29.6 | - |
Soy Oil (%) | - | 27.6 | - |
Canola Oil | 18.5 | - | - |
Corn Oil | 10.9 | - | - |
Milk Fat | 2.8 | - | - |
Others | 2.1 b | 1.4 c | - |
Fatty Acids (g/100 g Fat) d | |||
12:0 | 7.79 | 13.22 | 6.88 ± 2.79 |
14:0 | 3.17 | 5.02 | 7.02 ± 3.07 |
16:0 | 22.61 | 7.46 | 17.30 ± 2.2 |
18:0 | 3.42 | 3.11 | 5.30 ± 1.26 |
18:1n9 | 43.94 | 47.68 | 25.00 ± 3.46 |
18:2n-6 | 15.74 | 20.49 | 20.30 ± 6.48 |
18:3n-3 | 1.92 | 1.52 | 1.43 ± 0.66 |
20:0 | 0.41 | 0.21 | 0.12 ± 0.03 |
20:1n-9 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.26 + 0.06 |
20:4n-6 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 0.53 ± 0.14 |
22:0 | 0.22 | 0.49 | Tr |
22:6n-3 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.14 ± 0.05 |
Minerals | |||
Calcium, mg | 279 d | 424 d | 246.50 |
Phosphorus, mg | 160 | 216 | 122.60 |
Magnesium, mg | 36 | 31 | 29.30 |
Vitamins | |||
D, μg | 7.80 | 8.60 | - |