The association between

Table 3 Characteristics of participating women stratified by presence of HTGW components**

Characteristic	Without HTGW n = 168	Elevated TG n = 57	Elevated WC n = 117	HTGW n = 70	Overall significance (p)
Age (years)	48.1 ± 8.8	47.6 ± 9.7	47.3 ± 8.6	46.9 ± 8.8	0.795
Ethnicity					< 0.001
Aboriginal	19 (11.3%)	12 (21.1%)	46 (39.3%)	21 (30.0%)
Chinese	61 (36.3%)	21 (36.8%)	24 (20.5%)	9 (12.9%)
European	43 (25.6%)	6 (10.5%)	27 (23.1%)	21 (30.0%)
South Asian	45 (26.8%)	18 (31.6%)	20 (17.1%)	19 (27.1%)
Current smoker	7 (4.2%)	4 (7.0%)	10 (8.5%)	14 (20.0%)	0.001
Family history of CVD present (%)	79 (47.0%)	25 (43.9%)	48 (41.0%)	31 (44.3%)	0.798
Physical activity (min/week)*†	214 (183, 252)	197 (148, 260)	178 (147, 216)	162 (127, 208)	0.124
Body mass index*	23.8 (23.2, 24.3)	25.3 (24.3, 26.3)	31.0 (30.3, 31.7)	31.8 (30.9, 32.7)	< 0.001^{a, b, c, d, e}
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)*	5.11 ± 1.03	5.71 ± 1.13	4.99 ± 0.93	5.62 ± 0.87	< 0.001^{a, c, d, f}
HDL-C (mmol/L)*	1.58 ± 0.36	1.32 ± 0.36	1.40 ± 0.30	1.23 ± 0.27	< 0.001^{a, b, c, f}
Glucose (mmol/L)*	4.90 (4.70, 5.30)	5.10 (4.80, 5.40)	5.20 (4.90, 5.50)	5.30 (4.90, 5.60)	< 0.001^{b, c}
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)*	111 (104, 122)	114 (107, 125)	119 (109, 131)	120 (113, 127)	< 0.001^{b, c}
Intima-media thickness (mm)*†	0.63 (0.62, 0.64)	0.66 (0.64, 0.69)	0.65 (0.64, 0.67)	0.65 (0.64, 0.67)	< 0.001^{a, b, c}
Total area (mm²)*†	15.60 (14.76, 16.46)	16.76 (15.27, 18.41)	16.53 (15.49, 17.65)	17.46 (16.05, 18.99)	< 0.001^c
Presence of plaque	75 (44.6%)	24 (42.1%)	52 (44.4%)	37 (52.9%)	0.595

*Age adjusted, presented as mean (95%CI), †geometric means; age presented as mean ± SD; Differences in continuous variables across categories of HTGW components variable explored by general linear modelling. Categorical variables presented as n (%). Associations between categorical variables and HTGW components variable explored by Chi-square test.
Pairwise comparisons: ^ap < 0.05, Normal WC/Normal TG vs. Elevated TG/Normal WC; ^bp < 0.05, Normal WC/Normal TG vs. Elevated WC/Normal TG; ^cp < 0.05, Normal WC/Normal TG vs. HTGW; ^dp < 0.05, Elevated TG/Normal WC vs. Elevated WC/Normal TG; ^ep < 0.05, Elevated TG/Normal WC vs. HTGW; ^fp < 0.05, Elevated WC/Normal TG vs. HTGW.
**Elevated waist circumference (WC) was ≥ 85 cm. Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels were ≥ 1.5 mmol/L. Six female participants are missing data for one or both hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) components.

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