Table 1 Demographics of the study subjects in three ethnic populations

Age (years)

42.74 ± 14.2

59.34 ± 8.9

<0.0005

40.66 ± 9.24

59.08 ± 9.18

<0.0005

42.43 ± 14.08

60.35 ± 10.25

<0.0005

BMI (kg/m²)

23 ± 3.61

24.24 ± 3.67

ns

25.17 ± 4.06

26.14 ± 3.62

ns

24.77 ± 4.8

24.9 ± 3.2

ns

Smokers* (%)

17.4

52.9

<0.0005

52.7

49

ns

13.6

43.8

<0.0005

Sex (%)

Female

46.1

21.9

<0.0005

8.7

23.9

0.001

37.8

16.5

<0.0005

Male

53.9

78.1

91.3

76.1

62.2

83.5

Dyslipidemia

46.3%

32.6%

<0.0005

56.4%

27.5%

<0.0005

63.4%

21.1%

<0.0005

Hypertension

8.2%

69.1%

4.1%

72.7%

9.8%

61.8%

Diabetes Mellitus

2.7%

43.3%

3.4%

62.6%

6.4%

61.8%

TC(mM)

5.81±1.19

4.57±1.14

<0.0005

5.85±1.22

4.6±1.13

<0.0005

5.61±1.22

4.25±1.99

<0.0005

HDL-C (mM)

1.4 ± 0.4

0.97 ± 0.26

<0.0005

1.19 ± 0.27

0.91 ± 0.27

<0.0005

1.11 ± 0.32

0.88 ± 0.23

<0.0005

LDL-C (mM)

3.57 ± 1.17

2.78 ± 0.99

<0.0005

3.7 ± 1.23

2.89 ± 1.03

<0.0005

3.62 ± 1.15

2.58 ± 0.86

<0.0005

TG (mM)

1.84 ± 1.9

1.37 ± 0.66

0.008

2.09 ± 1.31

1.51 ± 0.68

0.014

1.93 ± 1.45

1.29 ± 0.63

<0.0005

ApoA1 (mg/dl)

144.4 ± 22.04

119.47 ± 20.5

<0.0005

129.29 ± 18.5

115.29 ± 20.8

<0.0005

135.85 ± 25.11

110.01 ± 19.8

<0.0005

ApoB (mg/dl)

106.2 ± 31.4

89.78 ± 22.6

<0.0005

121.36 ± 29

103.64 ± 28

<0.0005

122.87 ± 33.04

102.3 ± 26.5

<0.0005

Lp(a) (mg/dl)

16.90 ± 22.67

24.33 ± 27.38

0.007

14.66 ± 15.16

19.5 ± 16.28

0.032

21.9 ± 21.17

26.89 ± 11.4

0.038