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Table 3 Effect of different diets on parameters of metabolic syndrome at 8 weeks

From: Fiber-free white flour with fructose offers a better model of metabolic syndrome

Parameters of metabolic syndrome

Whole wheat flour diet

Refined wheat flour diet

Fructose and whole wheat flour diet

Fructose and refined wheat flour diet

BP (mmHg)

133 ± 4.63a

134 ± 4.72a

149 ± 6.98ab

162 ± 5.4b

FBS (mg/dl)

111 ± 5.37a

101 ± 9.0a

149 ± 7.29b

159 ± 11.24b

Chol (mg/dl)

67 ± 2.22a

51 ± 7.24a

68 ± 4.64a

68 ± 2.74a

TGL (mg/dl)

46 ± 4.32ab

47 ± 3.15a

64 ± 11.7ab

65 ± 2.27b

LDL (mg/dl)

13 ± 1.60a

20 ± 1.68b

17 ± 1.58ab

22 ± 1.62b

HDL (mg/dl)

57 ± 3.19a

24 ± 1.64ab

48 ± 4.1a

26 ± 2.85ab

CRP (mg/dl)

0.15 ± 0.01a

0.24 ± 0.03a

0.22 ± 0.02a

0.23 ± 0.02a

Insulin (ng/dl)

3.6 ± 0.54a

7.13 ± 0.76a

7.3 ± 1.45a

16.0 ± 1.86b

  1. Blood pressure (BP), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Total cholesterol (Chol), Triglycerides (TGL), Low density lipoproteins (LDL), High density lipoproteins (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum insulin expressed as Means ± SEM.
  2. ab Within rows, between control and treated animals, means with different superscript letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).